Burns

The traditional system of categorizing burns is by classification of degree: first through sixth. The categories of fourth-degree through sixth-degree burns are usually used in post-mortem classification.

Some medical professionals have begun adapting a new system of categorizing the severity of a burn. It reflects the need for surgical intervention and is broken down into the categories of superficial, superficial partial-thickness, deep partial-thickness and full-thickness.

Burns can also be assessed in terms of total body surface area (TBSA). This is the percentage of a person's body affected by a burn. TBSA only applies to partial or full thickness burns, not superficial burns. What should be done to treat a minor burn?

• Cool the burn - hold under cool running water; immerse in cool water; cool with cold compresses
• Cover the burn with sterile gauze bandages - do not use cotton balls; wrap the bandage loosely to avoid
• Take an OTC pain reliever
• Most minor burns will heal on their own, however, you must watch for signs of infection
• Do not use ice, butter, ointments
• Do not break blisters that form on the burn

What should be done to treat a major burn?

• Call 911 or other medical assistance professionals immediately
• Do not remove burnt clothing that is stuck to the area
• Do not immerse in cool water
• Check for signs of circulation; begin CPR if necessary
• Elevate the burned area(s) if possible
• Cover the burn with a cool, moist, sterile bandage if possible

What are the common causes of burns?

• Scalding (steam, hot water, cooking, etc.)
• Contact with flames or hot objects (stove, fireplace, curling irons, etc.)
• Chemical burns (drain cleaner, bleach, fertilizers/weed killer, etc.)
• Electrical burns (damaged electric cords, sticking objects into outlets, etc.)
• Sun/Cold over-exposure

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